• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:NL1012792A1
    申请号:NL1012792
    申请日:1999-08-06
    公开日:1999-10-07
    发明作者:Ulrich Dreizler
    申请人:Ulrich Dreizler；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BURNER FOR COMBUSTION OF LIQUID AND / OR GASEOUS FUELS IN COMBUSTION PLANTS
    The invention is based on a burner or a method for the combustion of liquid and / or gaseous fuels in combustion plants according to the type of the main claim and claim 14, respectively.
    In a known oil, gas or two-substance burner of a similar nature (DE-PS-39.00.151), the speed of the three-phase motor driving the fan is controlled by a static frequency converter, the relevant speed being determined by operating conditions. - variables such as heat requirement or energy requirement of the heating installation are determined, and this is continuously variable between the lowest and highest loads. The air supply and fuel supply are controlled by control valves, which are actuated by servo motors. For safety reasons, the position of these servo motors with the actual speed of the fan is reported back to the electronic controller by tachogenerators and compared redundantly with a setting curve stored there. This necessitates a considerable use of safety-technical installations, namely servo drives, potentiometers of conductive plastic present on them, speed detectors on the engine, electronically safety-tested combined controls of fuel and combustion air and their division into sub-components, fan speed, position air valve, position throttle, etc. .
    In another known burner for combustion installations, the speed of the fan is controlled by pulse width modulation of the alternating current driven motor, in dependence on preset operating parameters such as, for example, the heat requirement. The pressure of the combustion air generated in this process is used for fuel measurement by a finely regulated fuel-air ratio regulator, which is placed in the fuel supply line, so that a worn-in control circuit is created here, whereby the fuel-air ratio control is dependent on air pressure and air flow. fuel release. When gas is used as fuel, gas and air pressure act through a pneumatic coupling on the servo drive of the gas valve, whereby such gas control elements as compact fittings or gas valves with hydrostatic or pneumatic drive are common. Indirectly, the amount of fuel supplied corresponds to the speed and to the air pressure generated by the fan and thus to the heat requirement. Because the air quantity serves as the leading quantity and not the fuel quantity, and this in each case depending on the set operating parameters, important safety regulations are fulfilled and the installation works safely. However, it is disadvantageous that the type of air volume-dependent control based on the speed requires a minimum air pressure, which often permits only small control ratios. In any case, such a fuel / air ratio control is nevertheless energy-saving.
    The invention and its advantages
    The burner according to the invention or the method according to the invention with the features of the main claim or claim 14, on the other hand, has the advantage that not only a lot of power is saved, but also a very good fuel / air dosage is guaranteed in a very wide working area. which primarily meets the high safety requirements of such installations. The additional use of an air valve at the burner ensures that sufficient air pressure with corresponding compaction is available for safe fuel / air ratio control, which is completely independent of the fan speed control. Of course, the air damper servomotor and the fan motor speed control must be coordinated, i.e. synchronized, which is done by electric-electronic means. This again gives the advantage that a database can be used for preselected speeds. The speed control interface can be used, for example, to enter the specific limit speeds via a laptop and / or set software, for example to program the speed control. When the regulation of the air throttle valve is linked to the fan speed, an additional lock is not necessary, because the "control time" for adjustment or speed adjustment of the speed can be adjusted to the servomotor running time of the air valve. In any case, the increase in free air valve cross section is proportional to the increase in speed and vice versa. This in turn has the advantage that the fuel-air ratio-controlled fuel quantity always works reproducibly after a single adjustment, that is to say a clean, efficiency-optimized and hygienic combustion when all safety requirements are met and in compliance with the relevant standards. Advantageously, when using the invention for gas burners, the requirement of sufficient air pressure is also met, to absorb the flames oscillations and combustion chamber pressure fluctuations, so that an all-round stable burner operation is guaranteed. The air throttle acting against the air of the fan allows sufficient pressure or sufficient overpressure. However, to ensure the desired combustion stability, a high speed reserve of the fan motor is available.
    According to a favorable embodiment of the invention, the fan motor is designed as a three-phase motor with an integrated frequency converter for speed control. Such AC motors with frequency converters are widely known, often already equipped with an interface and a data file, whereby the interface to the database can work digitally.
    According to a further favorable embodiment of the invention, the preselectable speeds are the maximum speed (Ν ^ χ), minimum speed (Nmin), speed for burner ignition and / or a speed palace for "pur-gen" (Nmax.) Or the like to enter. As mentioned above, such an introduction can be effected electronically by simple means such as, for example, a laptop.
    According to further favorable embodiments of the invention, the servomotor transmits a signal corresponding to its position in the form of current or voltage to an speed control, for example with a frequency converter, via an electric converter. A potentiometer mounted on the servomotor can be used as an inverter, which modulates a 220 V signal and converts it according to the position of the air valve over a signal converter in such a way that it transmits a signal of current or voltage to the speed controller, for example the frequency inverter. This ensures that the fan speed corresponds to the position of the air valve, which can be done in separate control steps or continuously depending on the control.
    According to a separately validated favorable embodiment of the invention, at least one air pressure gauge is placed in the flow range between the fan and the air valve, in particular for safety reasons, for recording at least the highest maximum pressure and / or the lowest pressure of the combustion air. Particularly when the burner is "purged" in accordance with the safety standard EN 676, it is advantageous to set the selected speed which is selected for "purging" by such an additional air measuring probe. This means that energy-saving operation is only actually started after the controller has been released and the ignition has started, of course at the ignition speed.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, which has also been validated separately, a pressure collection tube is used for the measurement of the pressure or the quantity of combustion air, the measuring opening of the pressure collection tube for the pressure of the combustion air being directly upstream of a swirl disc or a mixing device for fuel. and combustion air is provided, and this collection tube extends in the flow direction in its end zone, is closed at the end and has at least one measuring bore perpendicular to the flow direction in the end region.
    According to a related advantageous embodiment of the invention, the measuring bore is positioned between 5-15 mm upstream of the central cross-sectional area of a propellant and swirl disc serving for mixing fuel and air near the starting area of the flame. This allows a particularly accurate measurement of the air pressure which can be supplied to the fuel air ratio regulator to obtain a stoichiometric mixture between fuel and air.
    According to a further separately validated embodiment of the invention, the transport pipe of a transport means (pump) of the heat carrier (water) of the combustion device can be changed in accordance with burner-specific performances such as fan speed, servomotor position of the air valve, supplied fuel quantity and the like, whereby an electric means of transport driven pump, whose speed-adjustable motor is by a burner-specific performance-recording signal converter or a similar control drive, and the pump motor is designed as a three-phase motor with the integrated frequency converter for speed control. As a result, the current consumption of the pump is reduced to what is necessary for heat dissipation, which saves electricity energy to a considerable extent.
    In addition to the burner, a method for obtaining a preset operating variable, such as heat requirement, associated fuel-air mixture, for speed-controlled burners for combustion plants, is claimed, in particular when using a burner as claimed in claims 1 to 13, wherein, according to the invention, the pressure and amount of the combustion air are regulated and control-technically secured and wherein the fuel supply is independently determined by a ratio control caused by the mixing of the fuel and the combustion air. Particularly advantageous in this method is the simple, safe and energy-saving function, whereby by controlling the pressure and quantity of the combustion air, a key quantity with regard to operating parameters such as, for example, the heat requirement is provided, and that is completely independent of this control, but dependent on of the resulting pressure of the combustion air, and under control use of the fuel pressure a fuel air mixture in the desired form, for example stoichiometrically, is controlled.
    Further advantages and favorable embodiments of the invention are described in the following description, the drawing and the claims.
    Drawing
    An exemplary embodiment of the subject of the invention is divided into two variants in the drawing and is described in more detail below. Herein: figure 1 greatly simplifies a gas burner with control and regulating devices, figure 2 a functional diagram, figures 3 and 4 a part from figure 1 on a twice enlarged scale, figure 5 a functional diagram, figure δ a variant of the exemplary embodiment shown in figure 1 and figure 7 shows a further variant of the exemplary embodiment.
    Description of the exemplary embodiment
    With a boiler 1, a gas burner 2 is connected to a housing 3 serving for the air passage, a burner head 4 in the gas-air mixture range, with a thrust and swirl disc 5, with a fan 6, which is driven by a motor 7, then with an air valve 8 in the air passage pipe 3, which is actuated by a servo motor 9 and with a gas / air ratio regulator 11 for the gas supply, the supply of gas in the air passage housing 3 taking place in the region downstream of the swirl disc 5 in the burner head 4. 12 denotes the flame, the beginning of which is at the burner head 4 and which is formed by a flame funnel 13.
    The burner is controlled by an electric-electronic control device 14, which consists of a control part 15, an automatic combustion device 16 and a power controller 17. The power controller 17 obtains via the probe 18, for example boiler thermostat or sensor in the supply, the actual and nominal value of the boiler temperature and processes them into adjustment signals for the fan motor 7 and the servomotor 9 of the air valve 8. The fan motor 7 designed as a three-phase motor has a frequency converter 19 from which a speed setting corresponding to the heat requirement follows. The same signal acts as the adjustment signal on the servomotor 9, so that the air valve 8 in its position, which throttles the air, corresponds to the speed of the fan 6. The change of the speed of the fan 6 and the position of air valve 8 is thus proportional and therefore synchronous. The frequency converter 19 for determining the speed of the three-phase motor 7 as well as the servomotor 9 is controlled in parallel and must be reversible. The control itself can take place via a three-point control or also a current or voltage-changing signal.
    As can be seen from figure 2, a locking between the adjustment signals for the frequency converter 19 and the servomotor 9 is not necessary, because the control time for up-regulation and back-regulation of the frequency converter 19 depends on the running time of the servomotor 9 to fit. In figure 2, against the opening angle a of the air valve 8, corresponding to a specific position of the servomotor 9 (abscissa) in the lower part of the diagram, the speed N of the fan motor 7 and at the top of the diagram the opening degree of the air valve displayed in% (ordinate). The line A in the bottom diagram is linear and rising and corresponds to the increasing pressure of the combustion air downstream of the air valve 8 with increasing speed. The control time with ΔΝ ^ and ANrair], depending on whether the adjustment is up or down. , due to the maturity var. the servo motor 9 is determined and received by the frequency converter 19. The servo motor 9 and the frequency converter 19 run proportionally within a narrow operating range. The frequency converter 19 also has a database and a digital interface for entering and changing speed-cal data. On the one hand, the maximum speed Nnax associated with the maximum air requirement can be entered, as well as the minimum speed Nmiri and a pre-selected speed such as the speed with ignition N0.:s.e;.ir,g. The upper part of the diagram of figure 2 shows at which opening angle α of the air valve 8, which percentage opening degree has been reached, the resulting line 3 corresponding to the curved, sickle-shaped cross-sectional shape of such regulated valves approximately square expires. This arrangement again creates a linear function for the air pressure downstream of the air valve. It appears that although the opening angle a of the air valve 8 is still in the first quarter of its total adjustability with the ignition speed N0-Catej4ins, the opening diameter for the combustion air is already much more than 50% of the maximum diameter.
    The automatic combustion gas 16 of the control device 14 switches the system on and off, whereby the fan motor 7 is switched on and off on the one hand, and on the other hand a main gas valve 20, which is upstream in the gas / air ratio regulator. 11 leading gas pipe 21 is placed.
    The automatic combustion 16 of the control device 14 in particular controls the air purge for starting a burner according to safety standard EN 676, for which the maximum speed Nraax is required. In the air supply housing 3, namely between fan 6 and air valve 8, two air pressure measuring points 22 are provided for determining the minimum or maximum air pressure, for example for purging, the measured variables of which are processed by automatic combustion machine 16 and which serve primarily for safety control, with which sufficient aeration is ensured.
    Irrespective of the control or regulation of the fan 6 with fan motor 7 and the air valve 8 with servo motor 9, the gas which is mixed with the combustion air in the starting position of the air passage housing 3 is determined by the gas / air ratio controller 11. From the gas pipe 21, the gas passes over the main gas valve 20 after it has been opened, after the gas control valve 23, and from there through a pipe 24, which opens into the burner head 4. The passage area of the gas control valve 23 is determined on the one hand by the pressure of the combustion air at the swirl disc 5 and on the other hand by the pressure of the gas in the pipe 24. The regulating regulator, in the gas control valve 23, for example, a servo
    Elp is actuated by a pneumatically operated servo drive 25, which is set in motion on the one hand over a line 26, which branches off from the line 24, by the gas pressure and, on the other hand, by air, which is taken off over a pressure take-off tube 27 from the air-flow housing 3. This pneumatic coupling of gas pressure and air pressure provides a reliable and very simple gas / air ratio control.
    Figures 3 and 4 show the situation of the pressure collection tube 27 to an increased extent, in figure 4 the area around the end 28 of the pressure collection tube 27 is shown in detail and in an enlarged manner. The air-determining end 28 of the pressure-taking tube 27 is placed directly upstream of the swirl disc 5 in the air-flow housing 3. In the burner head 4, the combustion air is then mixed with the gas to burn in the flame 12. As shown in Figure 4, the pressure take-off tube 27 is closed at the end and a transverse bore 29 for determining the air pressure is provided. The distance D from the central plane 31 of the swirl disc 5 to the transverse bore 29 is approximately 10 mm.
    In the diagram shown in figure 5, the gas pressure PG (ordinate) is shown against the air pressure PL (abcissa). The characteristic C for the controlled amount of gas supplied by gas pressure and air pressure is linear, that is to say that a proportional amount of gas is automatically supplied by means of the measured air pressure and thus the measured air quantity, i.e. without additional electronic means.
    Figure 6 shows a variant of the exemplary embodiment, in which all parts also shown in figure 1 are shown with the same figures. The variant consists in that the signals from the power regulator 17 act on the servomotor 9, which energizes a potentiometer 32, whereby a current signal is modulated and, depending on the position of the servomotor 9, converted by a signal converter 33. which transmits the signal of current or voltage to a frequency converter 19 of the fan motor 7. The position of the servomotor 9 thus becomes a leading quantity in this control relative to the frequency converter 19 of the fan motor 7, so that according to the control steps of the controller according to the speed of the fan motor 7 with the adjustment of the servomotor 9 is taken. Of course, the frequency converter, for its part, must have the above-mentioned setting possibilities of Nmin, and Nontstekil, g, as well as other setting parameters with acceleration of the speed as described in Figure 2. As with the first variant, no additional, cost-effective combined controls are required by using the gas / air ratio regulator 11.
    Figure 6 shows a further variant of the exemplary embodiment, with a part of the installation proposed in Figure 1. A heating pump 34 for the hot water of the heating boiler 1 is driven by a three-phase motor 35, which, in order to save electric power, such as the fan 7 is equipped with the frequency converter 36. The two frequency converters 19 and 33 are connected by a control line 37 both to each other and to a signal source of a signal converter in which any arbitrary burner-specific powers can be processed.
    All features shown in the description, the following claims and in the drawing can be relevant to the invention individually if in arbitrary combinations with one another.
    Reference gas boiler 1 Boiler 2 Gas burner 3 Air flow housing 4 Burner head 5 Thrust and swirl disc 6 Fan 7 Fan motor 8 Air valve 9 Servomotor 10 11 Gas / air ratio controller 12 Flame 13 Flame funnel 14 Control unit electrical / electronic 15 Control unit 16 Combustion device 17 Power controller 19 Frequency converter 20 Main gas valve 21 Gas pipe 22 Air pressure test point 23 Gas control valve 24 Pipe 25 Servo drive 26 Pipe 27 Pressure collection tube 28 End of 27 23 Cross bore 30 31 Center of 5 32 Potentiometer 33 Signal converter 34 Heating pump 35 AC motor 35 Frequency converter 37; Opening angle of 8 N Speed A Characteristic N / a ΔΝωχ Speed gradient with power increase ΔΝη, η Speed gradient with power decrease Νμ: £ Maximum speed
    Nra, n Minimum speed
    Ignition Ignition speed B Characteristic cross section / a C Characteristic gas quantity D Distance
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. Burner for combustion of liquid and / or gas-like fuels in combustion plants, - with a fan (6) driven by the electric motor (7) for the combustion air, - operating at a speed depending on the determined operating parameters (18) (heat demand). Number control (14) of the fan motor (7) (by means of a frequency converter, pulse width modulation or the like) and, with an air valve (8) positioned downstream of the fan (6) operated by a servo motor (9) characterized in that - the servomotor (9) is adjustable synchronously (in parallel) with the speed change and with variable angles of inclination (ΔΝ) for upward and downward adjustment operation, - that the speed control (14) has a database or the like for select speeds such as minimum, maximum, or ignition speed (NradX, N „.i„ NonMMitlng), - which provide an interface for entering this data is, and - that the fuel control takes place over a fuel / air ratio control (11) operating independently of the speed control:, with a fuel passage determined by fuel pressure (PG) as well as pressure due to the amount of combustion air (PL) itj; .
    [2]
    Burner according to Confusion 1, characterized in that the fan motor (7) is designed as a three-phase motor with an integrated frequency converter (19) for speed control.
    [3]
    3. A burner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the interface for the speed control database functions digitally.
    [4]
    Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as preselectable speeds the maximum speed (N, ^), the minimum speed (Nnin), the speed with burner ignition (Nonts-e: <i: ig) and / whether a required speed can be entered for purging (ΝΜΧ) or something similar.
    [5]
    Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the servomotor (9) generates a constant signal corresponding to its position in the form of a corresponding current or voltage, and that this constant signal for speed control (frequency converter (19) )) serves.
    [6]
    Burner according to claim 5, characterized in that the constant signal is generated over a potentiometer (32) and is fed to a signal converter (33).
    [7]
    Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one air pressure measuring probe (air pressure switch 22) is placed in the air flow region between the fan (6) and the air valve (8), for recording the highest and / or lowest air pressure.
    [8]
    Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pressure pick-up tube (27) is used for the measurement of the pressure or the amount of combustion air (PL) and that the measuring opening (29) of the pressure pick-up tube (27) is used for the pressure of the combustion air is placed directly upstream of a swirling device (whirl disc 5) or a fuel air mixing device (4).
    [9]
    9. The rim according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure sensor tube (27) runs in its direction of flow (25) in the direction of flow, is closed at the end and has at least one measuring bore (29) running perpendicular to the direction of flow.
    [10]
    Burner according to Claim 9, characterized in that the measuring bore (29) is between 5 - 15 mm upstream of a central cross-sectional area (31) and a propulsion and swirl disc (5) serving for combustion air combustion near the starting area of the flame (12).
    [11]
    Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport tube of a transport means (pump 34) of the heat transfer medium (water) of the combustion installation (1) according to burner-specific performances such as fan speed, servomotor position of the air valve (8), dosed fuel quantity and the like is changeable.
    [12]
    Burner according to claim 11, characterized in that an electrically driven pump (34) is used as the means of transport, the speed-controllable motor (35) of which can be controlled via a signal converter or the like, recording the burner-specific performance.
    [13]
    Burner according to Claim 12, characterized in that the pump motor (35) is a three-phase motor with an integrated frequency converter (36) for speed control.
    [14]
    Method for achieving a fuel-air mixture corresponding to determined operating parameters such as heat demand with speed-controlled burners for combustion plants, in particular for use with a burner according to the preceding claims, characterized in that pressure and quantity of the combustion air is controlled and technically protected and that the fuel supply is determined independently of it by a ratio control effected by the pressure of the fuel and combustion air.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NL1012030A1|1999-11-12|
    NL1012030C2|2000-01-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CN107906557A|2017-11-08|2018-04-13|西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司|The hot air quantity on-line measurement of burner Secondary Air and Optimal Control System and method|
    法律状态:
    1999-12-01| AD1A| A request for search or an international type search has been filed|
    2000-01-03| EDI| The registered patent application has been withdrawn|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE19820723|1998-05-11|
    DE19820723|1998-05-11|
    DE19831620|1998-07-15|
    DE19831620|1998-07-15|
    DE19831872|1998-07-16|
    DE19831872|1998-07-16|
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